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The signing of the agreement on the Trans-Continental Gas-Main Construction from the Irkutsk Region (Kovyktinsk gas deposit) to China by the supreme leaders of the CPR and Russia in Peking late in 1997 gave a new impulse to the worked earlier projects on the exploitation of oil-gas deposits in the Eastern Siberia and the Saha Republic (Yakutia). Early in 1998 the group dealing with the questions of the working-out the only strategy of the hydrocarbon resources of Russian export to the Asian-Pacific Region countries was established and it has been working since then. The rep-resentatives of the Evenk Autonomous Region are included in the group. The EAR has great gas, gas condensate and oil reserves. These reserves are present in some deposits situated at rather long distances from each other and from the Kovyktinsk gas deposit in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the Asia-Pacific Region. The lack of the Kovyktinsk gas deposit reserves even after their prospecting will not be sufficient for the realization in full volume the Russian-Chinese gas project. That is why there is the necessity to involve other gas deposits into this project. From this point of view hydrocarbon resources of the Evenk Autonomous Region both by their reserves and by the favorable geographical position are of a special interest.
These deposits are also interesting with their great oil reserves, which will be claimed at the further stages of the project realization. The Sobinsk gas deposit containing unique (having no analogues in the world) helium contents is of a special interest. In addition the Evenk hydrocarbon deposits have fine perspectives of a great increasing of the reserves in a rather short period of time. |
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Because of all above-mentioned reasons the Evenk partnership is an independent subject of the Russian Federation is very promising and useful in the Russian-Chinese (Eastern) gas project. 1. The Short Characteristics of the Mineral-Resources Base
The source of gasification in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (the southwestern part of the Siberian platform) comprises Sobinsk (open at present and having large gas reserves), Kuyumbinsk and Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk (having large oil and gas reserves), Paiginsk (with a small content of oil-gas) and Omorinsk (with a small content of gas-condensate). The depth of the productive levels changes from 2200 to 2700 m. The summary reserves of free gas of these deposits according to the data from 01 July 1998 are 252 billions m3 of C1 category and 485 billions m3 of C2 category. At the same time 232 billions m3 or 92% of the entire reserves C1 category and 340 billions m3 or 74% of the entire reserves C2 category are Sobinsk and Yurubcheno oil-gas interface deposits.
Besides the free gas resources C2 category of the Evenk JV deposits are 1814900/5721OOths t by oil and 435000 mln m3 by gas, 600800/239200ths t and 251800 mln m3 by gas among them are in the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk deposit. This is the reserve of the transference from the C3 resources into C1+C2 categories.
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The Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk deposit is situated within the oil-gas accumulation zone of the same name, which is in the Baikit district of the Evenk JV in 150 km to the South from the Baikit settlement. The Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk zone is in the central part of the Kamovsk arch in tectonic respect. The industrial gas-oil bearing is connected with the reservoirs of the vendian riphean age. Four hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered: one deposit is in the sediments of riphean and three deposits are in the vendian sediments.
The main bed is timed to riphean, with its gas-oil bearing area of up to 8-10ths km2.
The productive part is opened at the depth of 2100-2500 m, gas-oil interface is at - 2023 m, water oil interface is at - 2072 m. The oil debits are from 20 to 500 m3/d; the debits of gas are 100-300ths m3/d. There is light oil (824 kg/m3), little sulphur oil (0.2%), paraffin base (2%), little pitch base (5%). There is methane 75-80%, nitrogen 8.5%, helium 0.18% in the gas content. The potential content of fractions boiling away at up to 200 oC is from 7 to 45%, average 26%, boiling away at up to 300 oC is from 44 to 69%, average 49%. The Sobinsk gas-condensate deposit with hydrocarbon reserves confirmed by the State Commission on Reserves by C1+C2 categories with 152 billions m3 gas volume, 10mln toil volume, 9 min t condensate is situated to the North of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk district at 350 km near the Vanavara settlement. There are light (0816-0852), paraffin (up to 5%) and little sulphur (0.25%) oils. The free gas consists of methane (63-68%), nitrogen (24-28%). The peculiarity of the gas content is a unique helium concentration (0.56-0.58% in some samples it is up to 1 %). The condensate content in the gas is 108 g/m3. The gas deposits with oil edgings are timed to the terrigeneous sand-aleurite deposition of the Vanavara suite (vendian) and are at the depth of 2600-2900 m. In the section of the productive deposits there are three main reservoirs. The productivity of the strata changes at 40-300ths m3/d of gas and 5 to 105 m3/d of oil.
The deposit is arched, tectonically shielded, multibedded and multi-deposited, gas-condensated with oil edgings. The Paiginsk gas-oil deposit with its productivity connected with the sand-aleurite depositions of the Vanavara suite has been prepared for the industrial exploitation. This deposit is situated to the Northeast from the Sobinsk deposit along the Sobinsk swell. The hydrocarbon deposits confirmed by the Central Commission on Reserves are 2.5 mln t of oil, 8.8 billions m3 of gas, 0.540 mln t of condensate to C1+C2 categories. |
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At present the Sobinsk and Paiginsk deposits are prepared for exploitation, the Kuyumbinsk is being prospected. In the central block of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomsk deposit the oil and gas reserves have been examined by the CCR and at present the works on the experimental exploitation of some wells are being carried out. The preparatory works for the prospecting of the Tersk deposit are being carried out in the Tersk-Kamovsk block. The Omorinsk deposit is temporarily preserved because of the lack of investments. According to the calculations the total annual gas extraction in the examined region can comprise about 13 billions m3 by the end of the fifth year of output. And in prospect, by the end of 10-15 years it can be 18 billions m3. 2. The Main Aims and Tasks of the Project
The Evenkia part of the Eastern gas project can be regarded only in the context of the main parameters of this project. First of all these parameters take into account the main volumes of gas deliveries to the countries of the Asian-Pacific Region, which comprises 30 billions m3 a year. It is known that the expected annual volume of gas output from the Kovyktinsk deposit by the expert estimations will comprise 8-10 billions m3 by the end of 2000-200 years, it is quite insufficient for the Eastern project ensuring. Non-deficient exploitation of the trans-highway gas main spreading up to 8000 km is possible only in case if the annual volume of gas delivery is not less than 25 billions m3. In connection with it the main aim of the Evenkia part of the Eastern gas project is annual delivery from 13 to 18 billions m3 of gas. At the next stages of the project development from the Evenkia deposit the annual delivery up to 30 mln t of oil for transportation of it to the countries of Asian-Pacific Region by the parallel pipeline is possible.
Simultaneously, in the first years of the Evenkia part of the project realization is ensured by the demand in oil products and gas of the Ust-llimsk region of the Irkutsk Territory and Tungus-Chunsk region of the Evenk Autonomous Region. The main tasks of the proposed project following from the above-mentioned aims are:
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3. The Proposed Scheme of the Project Realization
Realization of the Evenk part of the gas project that has a considerable volume of work and expenditure must take place in the frames of the general graph and work program. Nevertheless the organization form of it can differ from the main project. To ensure reliable and stable work it is proposed to establish a joint venture including the Evenk gas-oil company, formed with the participation of the Evenk Administration, and gas-oil companies working in the territory of the Evenk Autonomous Region, the Chinese People Republic in the authorized organization, the Irkutsk Region in the authorized organization and also western investor in the authorized financial structure. This joint venture is established in accordance with the Russian Federation legislation. It is recorded in Russia and practices its activity in the territories and in the interest of its founders.
It is obvious that a complex and multi-level project requires the state support from the government of Russian Federation and the Chinese People Republic. The questions of property, liscening the types of activity, project financing and profit sharing require a special study. The given project considers the only variant of the transport infrastructure of the hydrocarbon raw material, shown on the survey map gas-oil pipe-line from Yurubchano-Tokhomsk to Sobinsk, Paiginsk deposits (length of 258 km) and further from Sobinsk, Paiginsk deposits to Kovyktinsk deposit through Ust-llimsk (length of 575 km). The total length of gas-oil pipeline will comprise 860 km.
Besides this gas-oil construction a considerable number of other tasks the main of which have been characterized above, will be included into the sphere of the joint-venture activity. |
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4. Tentative Work and Expenditure Volumes The proposed project has a rather complex and varied structure. It is necessary to fulfil the work considerable by volume and financial expenditure for its realization. The main types of work are the following:
Tentative total price of the project is 4678 mln US$. Despite such a considerable sum of the capital expenditures the profitability of the project is without doubt. The term of expenditure compensation will depend on two main factors:
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